Tooth Developmental Disorder Cleft Palate †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Tooth Developmental Disorder Cleft Palate? Answer: Introducation Craniofacial interruptions occur between 4th-10th weeks of embryological growth. During these stages, the mouth and nose of the fetus develop between 5th-12th weeks. The palatine ledges in fetus join at the middle and form the back of palate. If this joining gets interrupted, a gap appears and results in the formation of a cleft in the palate. Cleft palate is the second common birth anomaly worldwide. It has a prevalence of 7.75-10.63% per 10,000 births in the U.S (Mahabir et al., 2014). The completed palate is formed by the fusion of primary and secondary palates that are separated by incisive foramen, forms a complete cleft palate. The primary palate, formed by fusion of medial nasal prominences contains hard palate, located anterior to the incisive foramen and maxillary alveolar arch, which has 4 incisors. Secondary palate formation soon follows. The bilateral maxillary process gives out shelf like outgrowths during the 6th week. They vertically grow down on either sides of the tongue. The tongue moves inferiorly and migration of the palatal shelves occur above them, to a horizontal position. Uvular fusion and palatal fusion occur in anterior-posterior direction. When these medial and maxillary nasal prominences fail to fuse unilaterally or bilaterally, unilateral and bilateral cleft lips are formed with or without primary palate (Allori et al., 2017). When the palatal shelves fail to fuse, secondary palate clefts are formed. Palatal clefts are also produced by a reduction in the space of oral cavities. This impedes the displacement of tongue in downward direction. They lead to facial deformity, speech disorders, hearing impairment, feeding problems and psychological issues. Genetic predisposition may lead to this malformation (Farronato et. al., 2014). Evidence has been found that correlate formation of cleft palate to teratogen exposure in early pregnancy. Some of the drugs that can increase the risk of this congenital abnormality are ondansetron, benzodiazepine, dilantine, barbiturates and valproic acid. Retrospective studies show that maternal exposure to smoking, retinoic acid and alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy increases the likelihood of the fetus to have oral clefts (Molina-Solana et al., 2013). These teratogens delay the closure time during palate formation and lead to this malformation. Treatment procedures are generally done within 12 months. Wider clefts are operated after the palatal shelves grow inwards and come closer. Surgeons close the cleft in the nasal lining, oral lining and the muscles. Palate repair is performed to improve speech, restore function of Eustachian tube, close oronasal fistula and minimize maxillary growth alterations. Incisions are made on either sides of the cleft and tissues are moved towards the midline or centre of the roof of the mouth. The palate gets rebuilt and the muscles are joined together. This leads to an increase in the length of the palate (Peterson-Falzone et al., 2016). This restores the feeding pattern and speech skills in the child. Speech therapies are also practiced in some children. Pharyngoplasty is carried out in those who report persistent speech problems. Fine refinements in the palate are often done by a maxillofacial surgeon in teenagers. Thus, cleft palate treatment involves plastic surgeons, speech therapisits, ENT surgeons and orthodontists. References Allori, A. C., Mulliken, J. B., Meara, J. G., Shusterman, S., Marcus, J. R. (2017). Classification of cleft lip/palate: then and now.The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal,54(2), 175-188. Farronato, G., Cannalire, P., Martinelli, G., Tubertini, I., Giannini, L., Galbiati, G., Maspero, C. (2014). Cleft lip and/or palate.Minerva stomatologica,63(4), 111-126. Mahabir, R. C., Tanaka, S. A., Jupiter, D. C., Menezes, J. M. (2014). Reply: updating the epidemiology of isolated cleft palate.Plastic and reconstructive surgery,133(1), 68e-69e. Molina-Solana, R., Yez-Vico, R. M., Iglesias-Linares, A., Mendoza-Mendoza, A., Solano-Reina, E. (2013). Current concepts on the effect of environmental factors on cleft lip and palate.International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery,42(2), 177-184. Peterson-Falzone, S. J., Trost-Cardamone, J., Karnell, M. P., Hardin-Jones, M. A. (2016).The Clinician's Guide to Treating Cleft Palate Speech-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) Essay Example

Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) Paper Radiologic Technology is the science of using radiation to produce the images that radiologist use to diagnose injury and disease. Radiologic technologist or radiographer function as part of the health care team by assisting physicians, namely radiologist, in procedures, operating imaging equipment, positioning, and care of patients. . The radiographer is also responsible for patient and personal safety, as well as upkeep of equipment. To be able to perform these duties, radiographers must follow guidelines set down by various organizations and be able to perform duties in a professional, caring manner. To become radiologic technologists, students must graduate from an accredited radiologic technology program and pass the national board exam, known as the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). There are both college-based and hospital-based programs. The Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT) accredits these programs. Training includes radiation safety, proper positioning and procedures, patient care, as well as ethical and legal standards. With experience and additional training, staff technologists may become specialists, performing CT scanning, ultrasound, cardiovascular angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging as well as becoming an educator. Experienced technologists may also be promoted to supervisor, chief radiologic technologist, and ultimately to radiographer manager. The ARRT is responsible for testing and provides certification for these advancement positions. Radiographers work in a variety of settings including hospitals, clinics and outpatient centers. We will write a custom essay sample on Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) accredits hospitals and makes sure hospitals maintain expected standards. Today, many hospitals are affiliated with Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO). All members of the health care team in these hospitals help keep costs down by promoting preventative care. They must be role models for good health to set an example for patients. The imaging department of a hospital is usually headed by the radiographer manager who works closely with radiologists and administration to establish policies and budgets. Under the manager is the chief technologist who schedules staff, maintains supplies, and sees to day to day operations. Staff radiographers must follow the chain of command to function as part of the health care team. Radiologic technologists are represented on a national level by the American Society of Radiologic Technologist (ASRT). The ASRT helps provided educational opportunities, monitors legislation that affects the profession, and establishing standards of practice. Each state also has their own society that helps contribute to the advancement of the profession. The society established a Scope of Practice, which defines responsibilities, required qualifications and duties, allowed to perform by radiographers. A Position Description defines specific duties of the various specialty imaging areas as well as staff radiographer. Local standards prevail over national or state standards. The ASRT and the ARRT developed a Code of Ethics for technologist to provide a high standard of conduct. The principles cover prejudices, professional behavior, confidentiality, and safety responsibilities. By adhering to these principles, technologists can minimize the possibility of having a lawsuit brought against them. Another important aspect of the job is to take care of personal physical and mental well being. To be able to help others, radiographers must maintain good health and be able to cope with stresses of work and personal life. In Maslow’s hierarchy of need, self-actualization is the ultimate goal. When technologist achieve this goal they are able to cope with stresses, and have the ability to focus on patients to provide quality care.

Sample Argumentative Essay Uniforms Helps You Prep for Your Essay

Sample Argumentative Essay Uniforms Helps You Prep for Your EssayIf you want to be prepared for your first year of college and your professor is not much more than a bunch of old men with opinions who've been reading Ayn Rand in their free time for the last fifty years, a sample argumentative essay school uniform is a great way to get an education before it's time to start taking notes. You can use these items for both AP classes and for college essays. It's even a good way to keep yourself from walking around campus dressed like a nanny for the rich kids.If you're looking for a substitute for one of the commonly used debate question papers (sample piece works best), a sample argumentative essay includes not only a written argument but also a sample piece of evidence, a list of facts and a scenario that you will use to make your argument. This provides you with the information you need and allows you to make the argument you want based on those facts.To see how the sample argumentati ve essay works, consider an example. Say you are assigned to write a response to a test question. Your next best alternative would be to write a book report. What do you do?If you're choosing to use the argumentative essay as a substitute for a book report, there are several things you will need to know. First, how many pages will you use? Second, what is the format of your essay? Third, how will you include your main argument? These are things you need to know if you don't already have the skills to create a persuasive essay.If you have the skills, using a sample argumentative essay can provide you with all the information you need to be able to answer a question or create a scenario that tells a story. The essay itself may be written for a specific topic, but the essay helps you present your arguments and thestory you use as evidence. As a result, you have all the information you need to create a convincing argument.If you already have experience writing a personal essay or have s pent time with a group of students writing an essay for a class, a sample argumentative essay can help you learn how to do this with a group. Without some training, you could end up coming across as pedantic, rude and disrespectful. Writing for a group is also a great way to build your interpersonal skills. Learning how to write persuasively for a group of people can help you work with a group of strangers and develop a trust between you.Finally, when you do your research and prepare for your argumentative essay, look for an essay that comes with a sample argumentative essay school uniform. You can find a variety of uniform materials at reputable websites. They include a pre-written essay and a response to the pre-written essay. Once you find a uniform, use it.

Rules for Writing out Numbers

Rules for Writing out Numbers Why do so many people find it difficult to remember the rules for using numbers in formal writing? Probably because the rules seem a little fuzzy sometimes. So what can you do? Its no mystery: as with anything, read and study the rules several times, and it will all seem natural, eventually. Writing Numbers One through Ten Spell out numbers one through ten, as in this example: My little brother ate four apples before dinner and became ill.Why do parents always check to see if babies have ten toes? Writing Numbers Above Ten Spell out numbers above ten, unless writing the number would involve using more than two words. For example: I have sixty-three dead bugs in my collection.My cousin has 207 bugs in his.This site has given me a thousand helpful hints for my homework.My grandmother is seventy-two today.My little sister had about 4,763 measles on her face. Always Spell Out Numbers that Begin Sentences It would look odd to begin a sentence with a numeral. Four hundred fifty people attended the birthday party. However, you should try to avoid using long, clunky numbers at the beginning of a sentence. Instead of writing that four hundred and fifty people attended a party, you could re-write: There were 450 people at the party. Dates, Phone Numbers, and Time Use numbers for dates: My birthday is on March 16.He was born on Valentines Day, 1975. And use numbers for phone numbers: The phone number for the school is 800-555-6262The international code for England is 44. And use numbers for telling time if using a.m. or p.m.: The alarm will sound at 7 p.m.I make my bed at 7 a.m. each morning. But spell out times when using oclock or when the a.m. or p.m. are omitted: The alarm will sound at seven oclock.I make my bed at seven each morning.

They, their, them, eggs and freckles!

They, their, them, eggs and freckles! They, their, them, eggs and freckles! They, their, them, eggs and freckles! By Maeve Maddox Sharons post The Scandinavian Connection lists fifteen words, all nouns, that have come into English from Swedish and Norwegian. The earliest word in her list, flounder, came into English in 1592. The most recent, quisling, was coined as recently as 1940. As interesting as these words are, theyre only the tip of the iceberg. Our debt to the language of the Northmen goes back to the days when King Alfred and his successors persuaded the Vikings to stop bashing heads and settle down in the north of England. Because Old English and Old Norse were kindred languages, the co-existence of the races had some interesting linguistic results. Borrowed words are usually nouns, verbs, and adjectives, but Scandinavian borrowings in English extend to pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and adverbs. We even owe the plural form are to the influence of the Vikings. Here are just a few of the words we borrowed from the Northmen way back in time: nouns birth, booth, egg, fellow, freckle, leg, skin, skirt, window adjectives awkward, flat, ill, loose, low, meek, odd, rotten, sly, tight, weak verbs call, crawl, die, droop, gasp, get, give, lift, raise, scowl, take prepositions till, fro (as in to and fro) conjunction though adverbs aloft, athwart, seemly (so theyre a little old-fashioned) pronouns they, their, them both, same (these can also be used as adjectives) Some of my favorite factoids about Norse words in English: OE had a word scyrte (sc in OE is pronounced /sh/) meaning a tunic one wore with a belt ON had the word skyrta for the same garment. Both words survived into modern English as shirt (garment above the belt) and skirt (garment below the belt). The word greyhound does not refer to the dogs color. The Old Norse word for a female dog was grey. The ON and OE words for dog or hound were very similar: ON hundr; OE hund. Greyhound, therefore, is literally bitchhound or dogdog. Some of the Scandinavian words drove out the English ones, such as sky for wolcen and anger for grama (although some writers still use OE ire), but in some cases both the English and Norse words survive as pairs with similar meanings: no/nay (The nays have it.) whole/hale (Hes feeling hale and hearty.) rear/raise (We raise pigs, but rear children.) craft/skill (It takes skill to practice a craft.) hide/skin (Generally speaking, people have skin; animals have hides.) sick/ill (In England if youre sick, someone has to clean it up. Otherwise youre ill.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceGrammar Quiz #21: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive ClausesDozen: Singular or Plural?

Research Designs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Designs - Assignment Example This helps us to verify that the effects seen are actually due to the said Independent variable and not other factors. A true experimental design has all these components; and thus offers the most reliable data and analysis (Kerlinger, 1986). An example of a true experimental study would be when a new medicine is being tested, and different dosages are given to different groups to test it’s efficacy. A control group in not given the medicine, but a placebo instead. The dosage levels are varied as per to opinion of the professional researcher; and the sample chosen is such that it represents the larger population from which it comes. On the other hand, a cross-sectional design and a quasi-experimental design would not allow for manipulation of the independent variable or for the presence of a control group given the nature of the Independent variables under study (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). An example of a cross-sectional study would be a study that tried to verify the type of music preferred across different age groups. Although the experimenter can choose the range of each group; there is no ‘control group’ for this study. On the other hand, a quasi-expeimental design would be one where the efficacy of different treatment options for an illness are compared (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). The researcher cannot assign treatment options and has to collect data from participants who choose the said options. There can be a control group only if there are people who choose to abstain from treatment. The least strong type of study is one that uses a pre-experimental design (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008), which only allows for comparison or observation. A typical pre-experimental design is when a group is tested for knowledge before and after a training procedure and then the two scores are compared for difference. The strength of the research design

Far Horizon's case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Far Horizon's case study - Essay Example Lastly, it should be aware of the income level of its target market, so that it can appropriately price the goods and services that it will offer, to match the market's willingness to purchase. Far Horizon has to make a product strategy that is very sensitive to its customers unique needs, as well as one that is innovative and quality-driven. The customers for this type of service are very scrutinizing, in a way that each set of customers have very unique needs, which might not be the same which the next set of customers. Far Horizon must therefore avoid the scenario where it will commoditize its products, in a way that it provides the same type of service to its different customers. Instead, the company must allow for a certain level of customization, for each accommodation package that the customers will demand, and it must make its service cater to the needs of its customers (and not the other way around). Another factor that will affect its product strategy is the generic type of service that this industry provides. Far Horizon can capitalize on this, by making its services more unique, to rouse more interest from its present customer base and to uniquely distinguish itself from competitors and similar companies. Along with customization, unique new features and creative add-ons will make Far Horizon, as a brand, stand-out from the rest of the competition. For example, the company may be bold enough to try hosting themed team-building events for corporate customers, or they may also try to hold festivals and cultural shows (in cooperation with the state) to coincide with a related conference or convention. Lastly, Far Horizon has to focus on consistently delivering quality-driven service to all of its customers. The high-level of customization and innovation will bring in a good bulk of the customers, but quality-driven service will retain the good customers, and will make them spread the news about Far Horizon's services to other potential customers. The innovative and customized features that the company can offer will be meaningless if quality is not stressed. Therefore, for Far Horizon to be a market leader in this service industry, it also has to be the market leader in delivering quality service to all of its customers. Place Strategy The most obvious factor that would affect Far Horizon's place strategy is its proximity to highways, airports or other transportation hubs. More and more customers would want to avail of Far Horizon's services, if the place was immediately accessible from public highways and airports. Another factor that can affect the company's place strategy is the scenic view that surrounds the place. While the company should focus on delivering customized and innovative quality service, it can also factor in the scenic surroundings around the place, to further enhance the company's image. Lastly, the overall attractiveness of the city or state of location affects the image that the company will project to its customers. If the city or state is known to maintain a high level of crime and theft, for example, then customers will still not be attracted to avail of Far Horizon's services. On the other hand, if the city or state has a good reputation among business and socio-civic organizations, then more customers will